PlasmaHam
November 3rd, 2017, 11:52 PM
There was a question recently regarding denomination differences in the “Ask a Christian” thread. Due to the vast nature of such a question, and that many others are likely interested, I’m creating this thread here purely for that. Some denominations here are grouped with another one. I did that since some denominations are historically and doctrinally very similar, so it is easier to just group them together rather than make two very similar descriptions. Enjoy.
*Format of how I’ll do this*
Name of the denomination
Means of Salvation: What they believe is required to go to Heaven.
Baptism: Their viewpoint on baptism.
Mary: How they view Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Communion: How they view communion, also known as the Eucharist.
Homosexuality: Acceptance of homosexual acts and marriage.
Doctrine: The accepted sources of doctrine.
Organization: How the denomination is organized (See below).
Size: The estimated size of the denomination.
Origins: When and where it stems.
Other: Interesting tidbits regarding their beliefs that don’t fall elsewhere.
Note on Organization: There are three ways denominations govern themselves. First, we have Episcopal governance. This is where there is a denominational hierarchy, stemming from the local priest all the way up to a central figurehead for that denomination. Secondly, we have Presbyterian governance. This is where the local church congregation elects elders to make the decisions for the church. In some denominations there are also elders who manage multiple churches, and elders who manage the whole denomination. Thirdly, we have congregational. Congregational churches rest the power in the hands of the local congregation, though they can also elect officials like Deacons and Trustees to handle most of the minor decisions.
Note on Mormons and Jehovah Witness: There is considerable debate among Christians as to if Jehovah Witnesses and Mormons should be considered Christian. They are considerably different than most denominations. I am including them here since many people do consider them Christian, but just keep in mind that some people will say they aren’t a Christian denomination, but something different.
Other Definitions:
Immaculate Conception: Belief that Mary, mother of Jesus, was without sin.
Communion: Also called the Eucharist, is the act of passing around bread and wine to honor Jesus.
Clergy: Generic name for the officials and staff of a church.
Sola Scriptura: The belief that the Bible is the only valid source of doctrine.
Prima Scriptura: The belief that experience and tradition can form secondary doctrine to the Bible.
Apocrypha: Additional materials added to the Bible by some denominations.
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Anabaptists (Amish, Mennonite, Apostolic)
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion or pouring; Christian only, encouraged but not required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Congregational/Presbyterian hybrid
Size: 5,000,000
Origins: Unknown, one of the earliest churches
Other: Believe in separating themselves from the world, sometimes to extremes; claims to be direct descendants of the New Testament churches; predecessors to Baptists
Anglican/Episcopal
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus.
Baptism: Pouring or immersion; infant or Christian; required
Mary: Immaculate conception view depends on the church, not enforced or denied by doctrine.
Communion: Practiced; complicated and mixed views on the meaning of it.
Homosexuality: Increasingly accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, and clergy.
Doctrine: Apocrypha; prima scriptura
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 82,000,000
Origins: mid-1500’s England
Other: Politically and socially the most liberal of mainstream denominations
Baptist
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus.
Baptism: Immersion; Christian only; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Congregational
Size: 105,000,000
Origins: early 1600’s, England
Other: Largest Protestant denomination in USA; called Baptist due to their belief in full immersion, Christian only baptism
Catholic
Means of Salvation: By faith and works.
Baptism: Pouring, sprinkling, or immersion; infants or Christian; required
Mary: Believe in the immaculate conception; highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believe that it is changed to Jesus’ actual blood and body upon consumption and statement by priest.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Apocrypha; the church
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 1,200,000,000
Origins: 1054, Rome (Founded initially at an unknown time as a merged church with the Orthodox)
Other: Largest denomination in the world; headed by the Pope in Rome.
Church of Christ
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion; Christians only; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 2,000,000
Origins: early 1800s, USA
Other: Does not believe in the use of instruments in the church.
Jehovah Witness
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Practiced; Christian only; encouraged but not required; must be done in natural body of water.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: The Bible; the church
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 8,500,000
Origins: 1870s, Pennsylvania, USA
Other: Don’t believe in the idea of a Trinity; believe Jesus is high angel, not God; believe that salvation requires a certain amount of years of church service to count.
Lutheran
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infant or Christian; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Mixed views between individual churches
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Episcopal/Congregational hybrid
Size: 85,000,000
Origins: 1530s, Germany
Other: The first large Protestant denomination
Methodist/Wesleyan
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infants* and Christians; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Prima Scriptura.
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 75,000,000
Origins: 1787, England
Other: Split from the Anglican Church over doctrinal issues; *Wesleyan Church disagrees with Methodists regarding infant baptism.
Moravian/Brethren
Means of Salvation: Faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, and immersion; children and Christian; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Some regional groups are accepting, no enforced stance by global church
Doctrine: The Bible is good, but doctrine comes moreso from personal experience and tradition.
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 1,000,000
Origins: 1457, Moravia (modern Southern Germany)
Other:
Mormon/Church of Latter-Day Saints
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Immersion only; children, Christian, dead; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic, though regularly required of members.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior; polygamy is accepted by some.
Doctrine: Apocrypha and the Book of Mormon
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 16,000,000
Origins: 1830, USA
Other: Very famous singing choir, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir; do not believe in the Trinity; have very unique views regarding Heaven, salvation, and relationship with Jesus.
Orthodox
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Immersion only; infant and Christian; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believe that it is changed to Jesus’ actual blood and body upon consumption.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Apocrypha, though less material than Catholic; prima scriptura
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 310,000,000
Origins: 1054, Constantinople (Founded initially at 400 AD as a merged church with the Catholic)
Other: Largely restricted to Eastern Europe; was once the largest denomination but took heavy casualties from the aggressive rise of Islam.
Pentecostal/Assembly of God/Charismatic
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion only; children and Christian; Assembly believe it is required, Pentecostal believe that it isn’t required, but still encouraged.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura; prophecy
Organization: Congregational
Size: 300,000,000
Origins: Early 1900s, USA
Other: Some do not believe in the Trinity, instead the belief that God can manifest as Jesus, Jehovah, or the Spirit; famous for their belief in speaking in tongues; strict regarding modesty.
Presbyterian
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infant and Christian; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Increasingly accepting of homosexual behaviors.
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 75,000,000
Origins: mid-1500s, France
Other:
Quaker/Friends Church
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Not practiced
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Not practiced
Homosexuality: Varies depending on the region
Doctrine: Prima scriptura
Organization: Congregational
Size: 400,000
Origins: Mid-1770s, England
Other: Ardent pacifists; heavily stress separation from the world.
Seventh-day Adventist
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion only; Christian only; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola scriptura; prophecy
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 18,000,000
Origins: mid-1800s, USA
Other: Believe that some have the gift of prophecy; beliefs are based heavily around what they believe will happen at the Second Coming of Christ
Sources:
http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/charts
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2icys6/eli5_the_differences_between_the_major_christian/
http://www.religionresourcesonline.org/different-types-of-religion/compare/baptism.php
http://christianityinview.com/eucharist.html
https://churchrelevance.com/qa-list-of-all-christian-denominations-and-their-beliefs/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality
http://www.dummies.com/religion/christianity/comparing-beliefs-across-the-christian-church/
http://www.newhopemoravian.org/tradition.html
*Format of how I’ll do this*
Name of the denomination
Means of Salvation: What they believe is required to go to Heaven.
Baptism: Their viewpoint on baptism.
Mary: How they view Mary, the mother of Jesus.
Communion: How they view communion, also known as the Eucharist.
Homosexuality: Acceptance of homosexual acts and marriage.
Doctrine: The accepted sources of doctrine.
Organization: How the denomination is organized (See below).
Size: The estimated size of the denomination.
Origins: When and where it stems.
Other: Interesting tidbits regarding their beliefs that don’t fall elsewhere.
Note on Organization: There are three ways denominations govern themselves. First, we have Episcopal governance. This is where there is a denominational hierarchy, stemming from the local priest all the way up to a central figurehead for that denomination. Secondly, we have Presbyterian governance. This is where the local church congregation elects elders to make the decisions for the church. In some denominations there are also elders who manage multiple churches, and elders who manage the whole denomination. Thirdly, we have congregational. Congregational churches rest the power in the hands of the local congregation, though they can also elect officials like Deacons and Trustees to handle most of the minor decisions.
Note on Mormons and Jehovah Witness: There is considerable debate among Christians as to if Jehovah Witnesses and Mormons should be considered Christian. They are considerably different than most denominations. I am including them here since many people do consider them Christian, but just keep in mind that some people will say they aren’t a Christian denomination, but something different.
Other Definitions:
Immaculate Conception: Belief that Mary, mother of Jesus, was without sin.
Communion: Also called the Eucharist, is the act of passing around bread and wine to honor Jesus.
Clergy: Generic name for the officials and staff of a church.
Sola Scriptura: The belief that the Bible is the only valid source of doctrine.
Prima Scriptura: The belief that experience and tradition can form secondary doctrine to the Bible.
Apocrypha: Additional materials added to the Bible by some denominations.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anabaptists (Amish, Mennonite, Apostolic)
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion or pouring; Christian only, encouraged but not required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Congregational/Presbyterian hybrid
Size: 5,000,000
Origins: Unknown, one of the earliest churches
Other: Believe in separating themselves from the world, sometimes to extremes; claims to be direct descendants of the New Testament churches; predecessors to Baptists
Anglican/Episcopal
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus.
Baptism: Pouring or immersion; infant or Christian; required
Mary: Immaculate conception view depends on the church, not enforced or denied by doctrine.
Communion: Practiced; complicated and mixed views on the meaning of it.
Homosexuality: Increasingly accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, and clergy.
Doctrine: Apocrypha; prima scriptura
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 82,000,000
Origins: mid-1500’s England
Other: Politically and socially the most liberal of mainstream denominations
Baptist
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus.
Baptism: Immersion; Christian only; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Congregational
Size: 105,000,000
Origins: early 1600’s, England
Other: Largest Protestant denomination in USA; called Baptist due to their belief in full immersion, Christian only baptism
Catholic
Means of Salvation: By faith and works.
Baptism: Pouring, sprinkling, or immersion; infants or Christian; required
Mary: Believe in the immaculate conception; highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believe that it is changed to Jesus’ actual blood and body upon consumption and statement by priest.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Apocrypha; the church
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 1,200,000,000
Origins: 1054, Rome (Founded initially at an unknown time as a merged church with the Orthodox)
Other: Largest denomination in the world; headed by the Pope in Rome.
Church of Christ
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion; Christians only; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 2,000,000
Origins: early 1800s, USA
Other: Does not believe in the use of instruments in the church.
Jehovah Witness
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Practiced; Christian only; encouraged but not required; must be done in natural body of water.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: The Bible; the church
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 8,500,000
Origins: 1870s, Pennsylvania, USA
Other: Don’t believe in the idea of a Trinity; believe Jesus is high angel, not God; believe that salvation requires a certain amount of years of church service to count.
Lutheran
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infant or Christian; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Mixed views between individual churches
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Episcopal/Congregational hybrid
Size: 85,000,000
Origins: 1530s, Germany
Other: The first large Protestant denomination
Methodist/Wesleyan
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infants* and Christians; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Prima Scriptura.
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 75,000,000
Origins: 1787, England
Other: Split from the Anglican Church over doctrinal issues; *Wesleyan Church disagrees with Methodists regarding infant baptism.
Moravian/Brethren
Means of Salvation: Faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, and immersion; children and Christian; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Some regional groups are accepting, no enforced stance by global church
Doctrine: The Bible is good, but doctrine comes moreso from personal experience and tradition.
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 1,000,000
Origins: 1457, Moravia (modern Southern Germany)
Other:
Mormon/Church of Latter-Day Saints
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Immersion only; children, Christian, dead; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic, though regularly required of members.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior; polygamy is accepted by some.
Doctrine: Apocrypha and the Book of Mormon
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 16,000,000
Origins: 1830, USA
Other: Very famous singing choir, the Mormon Tabernacle Choir; do not believe in the Trinity; have very unique views regarding Heaven, salvation, and relationship with Jesus.
Orthodox
Means of Salvation: By faith and works
Baptism: Immersion only; infant and Christian; required
Mary: No immaculate conception; but is highly honored.
Communion: Practiced; believe that it is changed to Jesus’ actual blood and body upon consumption.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Apocrypha, though less material than Catholic; prima scriptura
Organization: Episcopal
Size: 310,000,000
Origins: 1054, Constantinople (Founded initially at 400 AD as a merged church with the Catholic)
Other: Largely restricted to Eastern Europe; was once the largest denomination but took heavy casualties from the aggressive rise of Islam.
Pentecostal/Assembly of God/Charismatic
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion only; children and Christian; Assembly believe it is required, Pentecostal believe that it isn’t required, but still encouraged.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura; prophecy
Organization: Congregational
Size: 300,000,000
Origins: Early 1900s, USA
Other: Some do not believe in the Trinity, instead the belief that God can manifest as Jesus, Jehovah, or the Spirit; famous for their belief in speaking in tongues; strict regarding modesty.
Presbyterian
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Sprinkling, pouring, or immersion; infant and Christian; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to hold spiritual power from Jesus.
Homosexuality: Increasingly accepting of homosexual behaviors.
Doctrine: Sola Scriptura
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 75,000,000
Origins: mid-1500s, France
Other:
Quaker/Friends Church
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Not practiced
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Not practiced
Homosexuality: Varies depending on the region
Doctrine: Prima scriptura
Organization: Congregational
Size: 400,000
Origins: Mid-1770s, England
Other: Ardent pacifists; heavily stress separation from the world.
Seventh-day Adventist
Means of Salvation: By faith in Jesus
Baptism: Immersion only; Christian only; encouraged but not required.
Mary: No immaculate conception; no high honor.
Communion: Practiced; believed to be purely symbolic.
Homosexuality: Not accepting of homosexual behavior, marriage, or clergy
Doctrine: Sola scriptura; prophecy
Organization: Presbyterian
Size: 18,000,000
Origins: mid-1800s, USA
Other: Believe that some have the gift of prophecy; beliefs are based heavily around what they believe will happen at the Second Coming of Christ
Sources:
http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/charts
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/2icys6/eli5_the_differences_between_the_major_christian/
http://www.religionresourcesonline.org/different-types-of-religion/compare/baptism.php
http://christianityinview.com/eucharist.html
https://churchrelevance.com/qa-list-of-all-christian-denominations-and-their-beliefs/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominational_positions_on_homosexuality
http://www.dummies.com/religion/christianity/comparing-beliefs-across-the-christian-church/
http://www.newhopemoravian.org/tradition.html